Choosing Machine Tool Spindle Bearings

There are a variety of types of machine tool spindle bearings. This article discusses their applications and the demand for these bearings. It also covers the factors that affect the preload and the fatigue life of the bearing. It will help manufacturers choose the best machine tool spindle bearings.

Demand for machine tool spindle bearings

The need for machine tool spindle bearings is fueled by advances in numerical control technology. This process allows a machine tool to operate more precisely, intelligently, and safely while conserving energy and reducing waste. High-speed machining can improve the efficiency of a machine tool and shorten the cycle time for a workpiece. Machine tools with high-speed machining require high-precision bearings that allow for very high speeds and minimize wear and tear on machinery.

Types

There are a number of different machine tool spindle bearing types. Among these are angular contact ball bearings, roller bearings, and thrust bearings. The most common type is an angular contact ball bearing, which consists of an inner ring, an outer ring, and ball or needle rolling elements. The axial load carrying capacity of angular contact ball bearings is determined by the angle of contact between the load and the bearing. The larger the angle, the higher the carrying capacity.

Applications

Machine tool spindles are used in high-precision applications where high speed and accuracy are required. As such, choosing the right bearing is essential. The factors to consider include low friction, running accuracy and bearing stiffness. HQW super precision bearings are ideally suited for these needs, delivering a long life with minimal maintenance. Moreover, ceramic balls in high nitrogen steel ensure a significant increase in speed and accuracy.

Preloading

The basic process of preloading machine tool spindle bearings involves applying axial load to the bearings in two different ways: by mechanically holding the inner and outer rings in place or by a spring. Both approaches work to the same end, but they have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Ceramic ball bearings

When choosing bearings for machine tool spindles, one should consider the material used to make them. Ceramic balls can typically operate at a higher speed than steel balls, but the load capacity is slightly lower. Bearing manufacturers provide design specifications that include several factors such as preload, spindle stiffness, and bearing configuration.

Suppression of grease leakage

Machine tools are commonly equipped with spindles that contain grease. These spindles can be susceptible to grease leakage because the main shafts tend to be vertical. The use of grease seals helps prevent grease leaks from occurring during operation. Grease seals also help extend the life of the grease, which increases the reliability of machining tools.